rougly , by focousing the binoculasrs , some of them give you that info

Focal ranges within the sights,,what is in focus will be displayed in meters away

I think the binoculars can be fitted with a range-finding laser.

The binoculars they use ate specialized with built in range finders.

they use expensive binoculars

A lot and a lot of training and by like going to a camp to prepare for the army

there are lots of methods. they get trained in judging distance. something as simple as how many football fields they could fit between them and the target. they also use range finders.

They use a scope and a rangefinder. Practice,practice,practice.

pretty sure the latest scopes have zoom in and out and tell you how far your target is. and to aim coordinates through head phones or heat vision.

The distance is calculated by the apparent height of on object with a known height, based on the apparent height you can estimate the distance thats how it used to be done and I do believe they still teach this in case technology fails.

These days they generally use laser range finders.

It depends. Modern sniper teams have range finders and other high tech equipment to determine distance, but training in range estimation is essential. The sniper takes into account distance, elevation, wind speed and direction, even temperature to determine where to place his shot. It's as much an art as a science. A sniper rifle in development in Europe implements a computer to calculate these factors and compensates automatically. It's really quite amazing.

Normally, if you can't see with your naked eye, the object is still far and you can't get a good shot yet. Therefore, the sniper just wait until the trajectory of his shot will not be affected by the distance. So, he is using his binoculars in the surveillance of the subject and use his telescope to have an accurate shot.

I was in the army and know a few snipers. They use things like ariel photography, good map reading and some binos or range finders also aid the sniper. It is also possible to practice certain "distance methods" so they can do it through the naked eye.

Snipers calculate distance by using "mildots" in their rifle scopes.

"Spotting scopes/rifle scopes come with a mildot reticle, allowing the user to measure a distance pretty accurately. Most teams nowadays use laser range finders however, mildots are a backup (in addition to being used for holding over/under, and wind holdoffs)."

long range bullets and binoculars

They are not actually binoculars, but range finders. They were used a lot during WW2 by the anti aircraft gunners in britain to gauge the height of enemy aircraft approaching. As for snipers targets. Centre temple ( instant Death) Heart ( 5 minute death) Neck jugular ( 5 minute Death). It is on record that A sniper in France (WW1) actually fired his round into the rifle barrel of a German soldier causing the Germans rifle to explode in his face.

All US snipers are trained in trigonometry. They have to do these calculations in their head when aiming at an enemy.